An Ability Score determines the modifier added to rolls that use that Ability.
Ability Score Modifiers
| Ability Score | Modifier |
|---|---|
| 3 | -4 |
| 4–5 | -3 |
| 6–7 | -2 |
| 8–9 | -1 |
| 10–11 | +0 |
| 12–13 | +1 |
| 14–15 | +2 |
| 16–17 | +3 |
| 18+ | +4 |
A character’s Proficiency Bonus increases with Level. It represents growing training, experience, and mastery in the weapons, defenses, magic, and other abilities with which the character is proficient. Add it only when a rule specifically tells you to do so.
Proficiency Bonus
| Character Level | Proficiency Bonus |
|---|---|
| 1–4 | +2 |
| 5–8 | +3 |
| 9–10 | +4 |
Rounding
When a rule produces a fraction, apply all modifiers, then round down to the nearest whole number unless the rule says otherwise.
For example, half of 5 is 2.
Creatures, Allies, and Enemies
Rules may refer to creatures, allies, enemies, or other creatures. You do not count as an ally unless otherwise stated. You are never your own enemy.